Detection of Sickle Cell Anemia in Red Blood Cell: A Review

Menika Sahu, Amit Kumar Biswas, K. Uma

Blood is a connective tissue in which Red blood cells function to transport oxygen and it is normally in disk shape. The inherited disorder of blood includes hemoglobinopathies which are major public health problem in India. Sickle cell disease refers to a group of genetic disorders characterized by presence of sickle hemoglobin, anemia, acute and chronic tissue injury to blockage of blood flow by abnormally shaped red cell. Sickle cell disease is Sickle cell anemia. It is a disorder in which the body makes sickle-shaped red blood cells. “Sickle-shaped means the red blood cells are crescent shaped. Sickle cell anemia is also a serious disorder problem in chhattisgarh state. It is highly prevalent among scheduled caste, scheduled tribe and other back-word class. In Chhattisgarh the highest percentage of sickle cell diseases found in Sahu, Mahar, Gond, Devangan, Kurmi and Halba etc. This paper proposed a method to recognize the sickle shaped red blood cells present in the blood smear by using fractal dimension. Fractal Dimension is used to recognize the shape of the red blood cells and segmentation the sickle shaped red blood cells for shape analysis to find the percentage of sickle cell anemia. Results exhibit the future aspect of the technique, which overcome traditional shape recognition and analysis methods found in various literatures.